India Is The Most Populous Nation On Earth
The India Commentary view
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By Our Editorial Team
First publised on 2023-04-21 08:21:45
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The India Commentary view
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Estimates
by the United Nations show that within three months, India is poised replace
China as the most populous nation on earth. With 142.86 crore people, India
will be marginally ahead of China's 142.57 crore. As China's population is
growing at a rate slower than India's (in fact it declined by 0.02% in
2022-23), India is likely to remain on top in population numbers for a long time.
But there
is no need to be alarmed about this. Statistics point out that India's
population is growing at just 2% which is below the replacement level of 2.1%.
If this growth rate does not increase, population will stabilize in a few years
and then the start declining. India has been one country which
has succeeded in controlling population growth through persuasion, education
and to a lesser extent, through empowering women, except for a brief period
during the Emergency when forced sterilization was adopted. There is no need to
introduce restrictive measures like two-child families for availing welfare
schemes or government jobs as China's experience shows these can backfire.
India must instead
focus on maximizing the demographic dividend as the percentage of working-age
population is high. Nearly 67 percent of the population is in the 15-64 age
group. For instance, the participation of women in the workforce was low at 32% in 2005. It declined every year thereafter and post-Covid, it has slid
to an alarming 19% in 2021. This has to be reversed. India must educate its
youth, skill them and provide them job opportunities. That will propel economic
growth.
Instead of government
initiative, as some states have done, to control population through coercive
methods, India should focus on educating the girl-child, empowering women
and creating opportunities for their increased participation in the workforce.
Also, states like UP, Bihar, Jharkhand and Meghalaya which still have a growth rate
higher than the national average must work diligently to reduce it. Further, India
must invest heavily in healthcare infrastructure as a healthy - both physically
and mentally - population can contribute better towards building the nation.
